16个荞麦品种幼苗的耐盐性筛选与评价

为明确荞麦品种间在不同种类盐胁迫下耐盐性的差异,以16个荞麦品种为材料,设置了NaCl、Na₂SO₄和NaHCO₃ 3种单盐处理,研究了其对荞麦发芽率、发芽势、相对伤害率等的影响,最后对荞麦的耐盐性进行综合性评价。结果表明：荞麦对3种盐胁迫的响应存在明显差异,以NaHCO₃处理时16个荞麦品种的发芽率、发芽势、相对发芽势和相对发芽指数均相对较低,对荞麦种子萌发抑制作用最明显;NaCl对荞麦种子萌发的抑制作用最小,其中荞杂1号、平荞2号和川荞1号的萌发率和对照处理一致。荞麦种类间以甜荞的耐盐性高于苦荞。耐盐性综合性评价筛选出耐盐性较强的苦荞品种为九江苦荞和云荞1号,甜荞品种为宁荞1号和贵红甜1号。     

春季施肥对多花黑麦草种子生产性能的影响

采用完全随机试验设计,研究了多花黑麦草Lolium multiflorum春季不同时期(分蘖期、拔节期和孕穗期)、不同施肥量对其种子生产性能的影响,结果表明,各处理对种子产量的影响极显著(P<0.01),处理B2[拔节期施肥N∶P∶K=20∶18∶22.5(kg/hm2)]种子产量最高,达到620.1 kg/hm2,比对照增产48.7%。与对照相比,千粒重和小穗数均显著增加。     

牧草种子基地建设基本经验和措施初探

牧草种子基地建设是我国重大生态建设的基础性建设项目。该项目的建立,对满足生态建设和退耕还草、退牧还草的种子需要具有重要意义。通过4年多的建设和实践证明:牧草种子基地建设一定要建立在有可靠、准确、翔实的基础资料和科学、合理的设计之上。按照建设方案和遵守规章制度是项目建设的基本要求,科学的管理和经营是基地长期存在的必要条件。要根据目前种子市场,正确处理和调整好牧草种子与牧草及草产品之间的关系,采用先进的管理措施,多方位、多思路求发展,才能提高牧草种子基地的经济效益,逐步促使牧草种子基地规范化、标准化。     

品种及施肥对草地早熟禾种子产量要素和产量的影响

采用5因素混合正交组合设计方案,连续2年对6品种草地早熟禾Poa pratensis种子生产进行研究,结果表明:品种男爵(Baronie)和公园(Park)在酒泉进行种子生产具有一定的优势;种子最高产量分别是584和537 kg/hm2;两品种施肥管理是施肥时期均为春季施1/2 上年秋季施1/2,施氮量均为90 kg/hm2,品种Baronie施P2O5量为120 kg/hm2,Park施P2O5量为90 kg/hm2。     

Optimising cutting method and timing for the control of Abutilon theophrasti seed production

Abutilon theophrasti (velvetleaf) is a widespread and problematic annual weed. Greenhouse and field experiments were conducted to investigate the effects of different cutting methods on the viability of A. theophrasti seeds. Three cutting methods were assessed: (1) Entire plant cut and dried (EPD)—plants were cut at soil level and dried with capsules attached on the greenhouse bench or soil surface for 4 weeks; (2) capsules detached and dried (CD)—capsules were removed from plants and dried for 4 weeks; and (3) capsules detached and tested while fresh (CF)—a control treatment. Before drying, the developmental stage (stage one, dark green; stage two, light green; stage three, yellowish-green; or stage four, black with the slightly open capsule) and age (days after flowering, DAF) of each capsule was recorded. Seed viability was measured immediately in the CF treatment and after the 4-week drying period in the EPD and CD treatments. No seeds in the EPD and CD treatments were viable when harvested at the first developmental stage (1–8 DAF) in either experiment, but 100% of seeds in the CF treatment in the field were viable when harvested at 8 DAF. In both greenhouse and field experiments, seeds attained full viability at earlier harvest ages in CF than in EPD or CD treatments, suggesting that seeds might become viable relatively early in development but lose viability if allowed to dry. These findings could be applied to optimise late-season mechanical control of A. theophrasti.     

花蓟马与向日葵籽粒锈斑发生的关系

向日葵是我国重要的油料经济作物,籽粒锈斑近几年在向日葵籽粒上发生,严重影响向日葵籽粒的品质,然而关于向日葵籽粒锈斑的成因目前并不清楚。本文在内蒙古向日葵主产区,选择向日葵籽粒锈斑发生严重的区域,通过大田套袋技术并结合室内接虫试验,对向日葵籽粒锈斑的成因进行初步探索。结果表明,2020年五原县、乌拉特前旗及2021年五原县向日葵经套袋处理后,花蓟马Frankliniella intonsa Trybom的数量分别比对照降低了13.23、1.33头和191.53头,向日葵籽粒锈斑的发病率比对照(未套袋)相应降低了28.19%、12.07%和60.02%,与对照有极显著差异(P<0.01),花蓟马数量与向日葵籽粒锈斑的发病率呈现出显著的正相关关系。同时,室内在向日葵花盘上接种花蓟马后向日葵籽粒锈斑的发病率为22.67%,而未接虫的向日葵籽粒锈斑没有发病。另外,统计显示向日葵花盘外侧花蓟马数量显著大于中间和内层,向日葵籽粒锈斑发病率也呈现相同的规律。由此推测,向日葵籽粒锈斑的发生主要与花蓟马的活动有关,花蓟马可能是造成向日葵籽粒锈斑的主要成因。     

蒜和葱上二斑叶螨的发生为害及其抗药性监测

二斑叶螨寄主植物范围极广, 但其对百合科蔬菜造成危害的研究报道极少?本研究采集了来自北京海淀百合科蔬菜蒜和葱上的2个二斑叶螨种群, 生物测定结果显示, 2个种群对阿维菌素呈现出极高水平抗性, 对哒螨灵为中等以上抗性(LC50>5 000 mg/L), 对新型药剂联苯肼酯?虫螨腈和腈吡螨酯也表现出中等到高水平抗性?抗性基因突变频率检测发现, 与阿维菌素抗性相关基因G314D和G326E位点以及和哒螨灵抗性相关基因H92R位点的突变频率均高达100%, 为纯合抗性种群?因此, 本研究所测试的2个二斑叶螨种群对阿维菌素和哒螨灵单剂的敏感性极低, 需慎重选用这2种药剂, 而3种新型杀螨剂联苯肼酯?虫螨腈和腈吡螨酯在田间需轮换使用?     

Effect of feeding Aspergillus awamori and canola seed on the growth performance and muscle fatty acid profile in broiler chicken

The aim of this study was to examine effects of dietary supplementation with Aspergillus awamori and feeding canola seed on the growth and fatty acid profile in broilers. Twenty‐eight chicks (15 days old) were assigned to the following groups: (1) control, fed a basal diet; (2) awamori, fed the basal diet supplemented with 0.05% A. awamori; (3) canola, fed a diet containing 5% canola seed; and (4) canola + awamori, fed the canola diet supplemented with A. awamori (seven birds/group). Body weight gain was increased by A. awamori but not influenced by canola seed. Breast muscle weight was increased in either awamori or canola groups. Although plasma triglyceride and cholesterol were decreased by feeding A. awamori or canola seed, fat content in the breast muscle were increased, accompanied by decrease in saturated fatty acids and increase in unsaturated fatty acids. Moreover, decreased thiobarbituric acid reactive substance and increased α‐tocopherol content in the breast muscle was observed in all experimental groups. In conclusion, these results suggested that feeding canola seed and A. awamori might improve growth performance, and modified muscle fatty acid profile and α‐tocopherol content, suggesting that they may improve meat quality.